In the laboratory, a steady stream of ammonia can be prepared by reaction between ammonium sulfate and an alkali.
(a) Name the alkali that is used.
(b) State whether it is necessary to heat the mixture.
(c) Write an equation for this reaction.
(d) Name the reagent used to dry the gas and explain why it is used.
(e) State how you will collect a sample of dry ammonia.

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Solution

(a) The alkali, in this case, is calcium hydroxide [ $Ca {(OH)}_{2}$ ]
(b) Yes it is necessary to heat the mixture to carry out the further reactions.
(c) Reaction for a steady stream of ammonia can be prepared by reaction between ammonium sulfate and an alkali:- ${({NH}_{4})}_{2} {SO}_{4} (aq) + Ca (OH)_{2} (s) \overset{Heat}{⟶} {CaSO}_{4} (s) + 2 H_{2} O (l) + 2 {NH}_{3} (aq)$
(d) Quicklime is basic in nature and does not react with ammonia gas, it is utilized as a drying agent for ammonia gas. As ammonia reacts with concentrated sulphuric acid, calcium chloride, and phosphorus pentoxide, it cannot be dried over them.
(e) Collection of gas:- Because ammonia gas is lighter than air and more soluble in water, it is collected by forcing air downward in an inverted gas jar and as it is exceedingly soluble in water, it cannot be recovered via water displacement downward.

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