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Oxidation States of Lanthanides

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Question

In this formula-nuclear charge =atomic number-shielding effect There shuold be penetration effect instead of shielding effect Isn't it

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Solution

Shielding or screening effects

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What is shielding effect and penetration effect ?

The nuclear charge actually experienced by an electron is termed as the effective nuclear charge. The effective nuclear charge Z* actually depends on the type of shell and orbital in which electron is actually present. The relative extent to which the various orbitals penetrate the electron clouds of other orbitals is

s > p > d > f

(for the same value of

n

The phenomenon in which penultimate shell electrons act as screen or shield in between nucleus and valence shell electrons and thereby reducing nuclear charge is known as shielding effect. The penultimate shell electrons repel the valence shell electron to keep them loosely held with the nucleus. It is thus evident that more is the shielding effect, lesser is the effective nuclear charge and lesser is the ionization energy.

Which of the following is not concerned with effective nuclear charge?

Q. The atomic size of

G a

A l

are almost same because of:

How to calculate effective nuclear charge and shielding constant for d and f block elements

Please explain with example

STATEMENT-1 : Shielding effect increases as we go down the group.
STATEMENT-2 : With an increase in the number of electrons in the penultimate shell, shielding effect increases.

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Oxidation States of Lanthanides

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