In which of the organisms is fragmentation and/or regeneration a mode of reproduction?
Simple multicellular plants and animals
Fragmentation and/or regeneration primarilyoccurs in simple multicellular organisms as a mode of reproduction. Although regeneration can occur in fully differentiated multicellular/complex organisms as well, it can only regenerate a part of the organism. Higher form of multicellular organisms are too complex for reproduction by these types of processes.
Fragmentation is seen in many organisms such as cyanobacteria, molds, lichens, etc. Regeneration is seen in planaria and even starfish.