Q. Read the following passage and answer the (four) items that follow:
Folk and tribal art forms a part of Indian art as a whole. It has undergone transformation since a long time. They have evolved along with classical art. Tribal and folk art belongs to the section of people who belong to different social groups and it has a native flavor. These are visual arts, for example, paintings that depict their lifestyle, tradition, and culture. They are the ones close to nature and this thing is regional. They have a set of belief system that allows them to interpret things in their own native ways and this influence them in their art even. Puranic gods and legends are often changed into contemporary manner. Tribal and folk art has the inclusion of fairs, festivals, local deities, fantasy in their representation. Indian art cannot do away with this section that has a regional and a mystic aura in it. Nomadic way of life is also an integral part of the tribal and folk art. Pithora paintings of the tribes of Rathwa, Bhilals, and Nayka of Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh are another fine example of Indian tribal art. These paintings convey the joy and celebration of the community. Tribal paintings from Orissa, earlier done as household decoration, but now a commercial art-form done on raw silk fabric, have themes of everyday life. Madhubani paintings depict bright, lively deities, most popularly Krishna and his beloved Radha, and various stories associated with their legend. They are named after the village of their origin. Others such as Phad, Warli, Pithora, and Choittora also fall in this category of Indian art. Tribal art is a term covering the art products and performances of tribes. Indian tribes have definite artistic expression. Geographical, sociological, historical, and traditional factors determine the degree of primitiveness among tribes.
Indian tribal art is always delineated upon positive themes and ideas such as birth, life, harvest, journey, jubilation, or marriage. The Indian tribes pay due veneration and reverence to Mother Earth and its crucial elements. It is a tribal art form where life and ingenuity are fused. Indian tribal paintings and sculptures are of exceedingly high quality and are documents of their cultural heritage. Tribes have made their own place in the contemporary world of art. The art gives the tribes a power and responsibility to control and guide them through it. The symbols portray the imaginations of men and these imaginations are the representative emotions of the people of a particular period and society.
Indian tribal art is an art where life and creativity are inseparable. Indian tribal arts have a unique sensitivity. Their art is a manifestation of their life and holds their passion and mystery. The tribal art is one of the most fascinating parts of the tribal culture in India. The treasure of tribal arts is immense and has an astounding range, diversity, and beauty. Traditional Indian tribal art tries to wholly recreate the immortal charisma of Indian tribal life. One can easily come across exquisite pieces of Indian tribal art in different parts of India. The Indian tribal art is rich in expression and is a living form very much with the times. It has become an intrinsic part of the country's cultural identity.
Through solemn efforts, the Indian tribes try to keep alive a culture that is thousand years’ old, comprising music, traditions, rituals, and art. They live in complete harmony with nature by preserving their resources and blending with the environment. The Indian tribal art is the influence of the contemporary art and its narrative approach is deeply indebted to the contribution of the history of tribal art that cannot be obliterated
What are the intrinsic characteristics of Indian tribal art?Indian tribal art is delimited upon the human life style and its relationship with environment.
- (ii) and (iii)
- (i), (ii), and (iv)
- All of the above
- (i), (ii), and (iii)
