Industrially, ammonia is obtained by direct combination between nitrogen and hydrogen.
(a) Write the correctly balanced equation for the direct combination of nitrogen with hydrogen.
(b) Which of the metals iron, platinum and copper catalyst this direct combination?
(c) Is the formation of ammonia promoted by the use of high pressure or low pressure?

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Solution

Manufacture of Ammonia by Haber's Process:
In this process, a mixture of pure dry nitrogen $(N_{2})$ and hydrogen gas $(H_{2})$ in the ratio of 1:3 by volume is compressed to 200-500 atmospheric pressure.
The compressed gases are passed over heated catalyst of iron with promoter molybdenum, (i.e. Fe/Mo) at a temperature of $450 ° C$ to $500 ° C$ .
The correctly balanced equation for the direct combination of nitrogen with hydrogen is: $N_{2} ↑ + 3 H_{2} ↑ \overset{Fe 500 ° C, 250 atm}{⇌} 2 {NH}_{3} ↑ + 22, 400 cal$
Iron catalyzes this direct combination.
The formation of ammonia promoted by the use of high pressure.

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