Iron reacts with con. $H C l$ and conc. $H_{2} S O_{4}$ , but it does not react with conc. $H N O_{3}$ . Justify your answer with proper reasons.

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Solution

1) Concentrated nitric acid renders the iron passive through - a small amount of $F e_{2} O_{3}$ is formed and coats the metal, but that cannot be oxidised any further and the reaction then stops.
2) Conc nitric acid is a strong oxidising agent converts the metal into ferric oxide which forms an insoluble protective coating on it. Since the metal loses contact with acid, the reaction stops. A chemically active metal becomes passive- unreactive.

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