The endosperm is part of the female gametophyte which is very bulky and stores the nutrients to provide nutrition to the developing embryo. The fruit wall appears thin and gets fused with the seed coat.
Yes, the endosperm remains persistent in the cereals (monocots). Most of the monocot plants have endospermic seeds.
The outer covering of the endosperm i.e aleurone layer, is a proteinaceous layer that separates the embryo from the endosperm. Such seeds are said to be albuminous seeds.