Frameshift mutations are caused by nucleotide insertions or deletions in the coding region, which results in an amino acid sequence change during codon translation. This sort of mutation can result in phenotypic changes, such as the production of an altered protein.
Triplets (or codons) in a reading frame are translated into specific amino acids during translation (or a codon signal). As a result, the reading frame may be altered if a mutation occurs, such as an insertion or deletion of a nucleotide. The amino acid sequence has been totally changed.
Such changes are referred to as frameshift mutations (also called reading frame mutation, reading frame shift, or framing error). It results in non-functional proteins and causes the cell's key processes to be disrupted. It is the cause of Tay–Sachs disease and other significant genetic illnesses.
Without a question, frameshift mutations are the most destructive changes.