Force and momentum are two concepts that are used in mechanics to describe statics or dynamics of bodies. Both force and momentum are vectors. Force is an external cause, while momentum is an internal property of matter. A force is required to change the momentum of any object. The force on an object can be defined as the change of momentum per unit time.
The definition of force is “any influence that causes or attempts to cause a free body to undergo a change in the acceleration or the shape of the body.”
There are two main types of forces - contact forces and field forces. Contact forces are forces that are used in everyday incidents such as pushing or pulling an object. Field forces include gravitational force, magnetic force, and electric force. Forces such as static friction, surface tension, and reactive forces are all responsible for keeping the objects in static conditions. Forces such as gravitational force, electrical force, and magnetic force are all responsible for keeping the world and everything in the universe together.
Momentum is a measurement of the inertia of an object. It is divided into two main types. One is the linear momentum, and the other is the angular momentum.
Linear momentum is defined as the product of the mass and velocity of the object. Angular momentum is defined as the product of moment of inertia and angular velocity of the object. Both these are measurements of the current inertia of the system.
Angular momentum is related to the rotation or revolution of matter. It is, in effect, a measure of the quantity of rotation of a system of matter, taking into account its mass, rotations, motions and shape. Linear momentum is also a conserved quantity, meaning that if a closed system is not affected by external forces, its total linear momentum cannot change. This fact, known as the law of conservation of momentum, is implied by Newton's Laws of Motion.
A change of momentum always requires a net force or torque acting upon the object. Momentum is a relativistic variant.