Sulfur reducing bacteria () are anaerobic bacteria that use sulfate as a terminal electron acceptor in processes such as organic compound degradation.
They are common in anoxic environments, where they play an important role in the sulfur and carbon cycle.
Due to the production of sulfide, which is highly reactive, corrosive, and toxic, SRBs can be a serious problem for industries such as the offshore oil industry.
However, by removing sulfate and heavy metals from waste streams, these organisms may also be beneficial.