Question

Is the terminal voltage greater than EMF?

Answer 1

Explanation:

EMF and terminal voltage with interrelation:

1. Open circuit voltage is known as EMF. In a closed circuit, it is the difference in potential between a battery or cell's two terminals. Closed-circuit voltage is the voltage at the terminal.
2. EMF is reliant on the internal resistance of the circuit but independent of the external resistance of the electrical circuit.
3. When current is driven through the battery in the opposite direction, a terminal voltage can be higher than EMF.
4. The relationship between EMF, terminal voltage, and internal resistance is described by the equation $\epsilon =V_R+V_r$ where EMF is $\epsilon$ expressed in volts, $V_R$ is the terminal voltage expressed in volts,$I$ is the current expressed in amperes, and $V_r$ is the internal resistance expressed in ohms.

Therefore a terminal voltage is greater than EMF.