Is the position of a star as seen by us its true position? Justify your answer.

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Solution

No. This is because our atmosphere has a gradually changing refractive index. Thus, when the star light enters the earth’s atmosphere, it undergoes continuous refraction. Since the atmosphere bends starlight towards the normal, the apparent position of the star is slightly different from its actual position. Hence, the star appears slightly higher (above) than its actual position.

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(c o s^{2} 23^{\circ} - s i n^{2} 67^{\circ})

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