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Question

It can be inferred from the passage that human populations vary considerably in their

A

sensitivity to certain bodily odors

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B

ability to assimilate artificial chemicals

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C

vulnerability to certain toxins found in plants

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D

ability to discern bitterness in taste

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Solution

The correct option is D ability to discern bitterness in taste
The doubt would have been between Answer choice (1) and (4). While the passage states about the amount of odorous bodily secretion the Answer choice (1) talks about the sensitivity to such secretions.

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Q. Identify the tone of the passage.
In nearly all human populations, a majority of individuals can taste the artificially synthesized chemical phenylthiocarbonide (PTC). However, the percentage varies dramatically—from as low as 60 percent in India to as high as 95 percent in Africa. That this polymorphism is observed in nonhuman primates as well indicates a long evolutionary history which, although obviously not acting on PTC, might reflect evolutionary selection for taste discrimination of other, more significant, bitter substances, such as certain toxic plants.

A somewhat more puzzling human polymorphism is the genetic variability in earwax, or cerumen, which is observed in two varieties. Among European populations, 90 percent of individuals have a sticky yellow variety rather than a dry, gray one, whereas in northern China these numbers are approximately the reverse. Perhaps like PTC variability, cerumen variability is an incidental expression of something more adaptively significant. Indeed, the observed relationship between cerumen and odorous bodily secretions, to which nonhuman primates—and to a lesser extent humans—pay attention suggests that during the course of human evolution genes affecting body secretions, including cerumen, came under selective influence.

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