It is not an application of e-business
(a) Online bidding
(b) Online procurement
(c) Online trading
(d) Contract R&D
Contracting research and development is not an application of e-business. On the other hand, activities such as online bidding, online procurement and online trading are applications of e-business. Research and development activities are mainly conducted by industries on their own. These activities are very important and, therefore, cannot be contracted out as e-business.
Hence, the correct answer is option (d).