The correct option is C conditioning
∙ Conditioning is a type of animal behaviour. It is learned through repeated exposure of an animal towards a particular stimulus.
∙ Ivan Pavlov experimented on dogs. He ringed a bell indicating food is brought. On smelling the food, the dogs started salivating. After a few days, the dogs produced extra saliva hearing the bell even without the food. This shows that they are conditioned to salivate on hearing the bell sound.