(a) Kidney beans are quiet hard and cooking them in that stage requires more time and energy (fuel). On the other hand, soaking the kidney beans overnight, causes them to absorb water and swell up. These soaked kidney beans cook fast and do not require much fuel as well.
(b) The scientific phenomenon involved in the above process is osmosis.
(c) Grams or Choley/Chaney are also cooked in the same way.