Question

Laws of thermodynamics

Answer 1

• First law of thermodynamics: When energy passes, as work, as heat, or with matter, into or out from a system, the system'sinternal energy changes in accord with the law of conservation of energy. Equivalently,perpetual motion machines of the first kind(machines that produce work with no energy input) are impossible.
• Second law of thermodynamics: In a naturalthermodynamic process, the sum of theentropies of the interacting thermodynamic systems increases. Equivalently, perpetual motion machines of the second kind(machines that spontaneously convert thermal energy into mechanical work) are impossible.
• Third law of thermodynamics: The entropyof a system approaches a constant value as the temperature approaches absolute zero. With the exception of non-crystalline solids (glasses) the entropy of a system at absolute zero is typically close to zero, and is equal to the natural logarithm of the product of the quantum ground states.