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Question

Let P(x) be a polynomial of degree 2010. Suppose P(n)=n1+n for all n=0,1,2,,2010. Find P(2012).
(correct answer + 5, wrong answer 0)

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Solution

Define Q(x)=(1+x)P(x)x
Then Q(x) is a polynomial of degree 2011.
Since Q(0)=Q(1)=Q(2)==Q(2010)=0,
Q(x) can be written as
Q(x)=Ax(x1)(x2)(x2010)
1=Q(1)=A(1)(2)(3)(2011)=A×(2011)!
A=1(2011)!

Now, Q(2012)=A×(2012)!
=1(2011)!×(2012)!
=2012
And P(2012)=Q(2012)+20122013
=2012+20122013=0

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