Let z1,z2, & z3 be the vertices and z0 be the circumcentre of an equilateral triangle. then z21+z22+z23 =
Let r be the circum radius of the equilateral triangle and ω the cube root of unity.
Let ABC be the equilateral triangle with z1,z2 and z3 as its vertices A, B and C respectively with circumcentre O′(z0). The vectors O′A,O′B,O′C are equal and parallel to O′A,O′B,O′C respectively.
Then the vectors ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯OA′ = z1−z0 = reiθ
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯OB′ = z2−z0 = re(θ+2π3) = rωeiθ
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯OC′ = z3−z0 = rei(θ+4π3) = rω2eiθ
∴z1 = z0+reiθ,z2 = z0+rωeiθ, z3 = z0+rω2eiθ
Squaring and adding
z21+z22+z23=3z20+2(1+ω+ω2)z0reiθ+(1+ω2+ω4)r2ei2θ
=3z20, Since 1+ω+ω2 = 0 = 1+ω2+ω4