Question

Lichen is pioneer in ........................ succession.

• A. Hydrosere
• B. Lithosere
• C. Xerosere
  
• D. Both B and C
  

Answer 1

The correct option is D Both B and C

A lithosere is a soil that is a weathered rock, where succession begins life on a newly exposed rock surface. Pioneer species are the first organisms that colonise an area, the pioneer species will be communities of mosses and lichens, as they are capable of surviving in areas without soil. Xerosere is the desert area where the plant succession is limited by water availability. Xerarch succession of ecological communities originated in an extremely dry situation such as sand deserts, sand dunes, salt deserts, rock deserts etc. A xerosere may include lithoseres (on rock) and psammoseres (on sand). Pioneer species in xerarch succession are usually lichens. A psammosere is a seral community, an ecological succession that began life on newly exposed coastal sand.

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.