Question

List all the stages of mitosis and meiosis and how are they different?

Answer 1

Cell division is the process by which biological cells multiply. There are three major types of cell division:

1. Mitosis - used by Eukaryotic organisms to grow or reproduce asexually;
2. Meiosis - used by Eukaryotic organisms to create sex cells (gametes);
3. Binary Fission - used by Prokaryotic organisms to reproduce.

Mitosis is a process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells developing from a single parent cell. Meiosis, on the other hand, is the division of a germ cell involving two fissions of the nucleus and giving rise to four gametes, or sex cells, each possessing half the number of chromosomes of the original cell. Mitosis stages Stage Main Event Keyword

Interphase	DNA is replicated, Cell builds up energy reseves and grows.	Increase
Prophase	DNA Packaged - the chromosomes shorten and thicken	Packaging
Metaphase	Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell	Middle
Anaphase	Chromatids break apart at the centromere and move to opposite poles	Apart
Telophase	Two nuclei formed after nuclear envelopes reform around each group of chromosomes	Two (nuclei)

Meiosis Stages Stage Key Event

Prophase I	Chromosomes condense, Crossing over occurs
Metaphase I	Homologous chromosomes pair up and align in middle of cell
Anaphase I	Homologous chromosomes pulled apart
Telophase I	Nuclear Envelope reforms
Cytokinesis I	Cell splits into two
Prophase II	Centrioles divide and move to opposite poles
Metaphase II	Chromosomes attach to spindle fibres and line up along equator
Anaphase II	Sister chromatids break apart at centromere and migrate to opposite poles
Telophase II	Nuclei reform, Chromosomes uncoil

Comparison chart Meiosis versus Mitosis comparison chart Meiosis Mitosis Type of Reproduction Occurs in Genetically Crossing Over Definition Pairing of Homologs Function Number of Divisions Number of Daughter Cells produced Chromosome Number Steps Karyokinesis Cytokinesis Centromeres Split Creates Discovered by

Sexual	Asexual
Humans, animals, plants, fungi.	All organisms.
Different	Identical
Yes, mixing of chromosomes can occur.	No, crossing over cannot occur.
A type of cellular reproduction in which the number of chromosomes are reduced by half through the separation of homologous chromosomes, producing two haploid cells.	A process of asexual reproduction in which the cell divides in two producing a replica, with an equal number of chromosomes in each resulting diploid cell.
Yes	No
Genetic diversity through sexual reproduction.	Cellular reproduction and general growth and repair of the body.
2	1
4 haploid cells	2 diploid cells
Reduced by half.	Remains the same.
(Meiosis 1) Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I; (Meiosis 2) Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II and Telophase II.	Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.
Occurs in Interphase I.	Occurs in Interphase.
Occurs in Telophase I and in Telophase II.	Occurs in Telophase.
The centromeres do not separate during anaphase I, but during anaphase II.	The centromeres split during anaphase.
Sex cells only: female egg cells or male sperm cells.	Makes everything other than sex cells.
Oscar Hertwig	Walther Flemming