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Question

List examples of positive and negative ligands.


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Solution

Ligands:

  • The ions or molecules which surround a metal ion or metal atom are called ligands which are attached to a central metal atom or central metal ion by a co-ordinate bond.
  • In order to be a ligand, any molecule or ion should possess at least one lone pair or a bond pair that can be shared with a central metal ion.
  • The ionic ligands can be divided into the following two categories: Negative ligands and Positive ligands

Negative ligands:

  • Ligands that carry a negative charge or anion and usually contain suffixes like ‘ite’ or ‘ate’ which are further replaced by ‘O’ are called negative ligands.
  • List of examples for Negative ligands:Nitrosyl(NO),Chloride(Cl),Isothiocyanate(N=C=S),Superoxide(O2),etc.

Positive ligand:

  • The ligand ligands that carry a positive charge or cation and usually contain suffixes like ‘ium’ is called the positive ligand.
  • List of examples of positive ligands:η7C7H+7Cycloheptatrienyl(heptahaptocycloheptatrienyl),NH2NH3+(hydrazinium)and
    NO2+(nitronium)etc.

Hence, these are the given list of positive and negative ligands.


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