Question

List few properties of benzene diazonium chloride?

Answer 1

Diazonium salt:

• Diazonium salts are known as the most useful combinations of organic with inorganic components.
• They can be represented as $\mathrm{R}-{\mathrm{N}}^{+2}{\mathrm{X}}^{-}$ where $\mathrm{R}$ represents an Aryl group, while X is denoted as an ion.
• Mostly, Diazonium salts have ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{–},{\mathrm{Br}}^{–},{\mathrm{BF}}^{-4},\mathrm{as}\mathrm{X}$.

Benzene Diazonium chloride:

• Benzene Diazonium chloride can be prepared by the reaction of an Aromatic primary amine, Aniline, with Nitric acid solution when the temperature is maintained below $5°\mathrm{C}$ and the reaction is called diazotization reaction, which can be shown as;
  $$\begin{gathered} \underset{(\mathrm{Sodium}\mathrm{nitrite})}{\mathrm{NaN}{\mathrm{O}}_2}+\underset{(\mathrm{Hydrochloric}\mathrm{acid})}{\mathrm{HCl}}\to \underset{(\mathrm{Nitrous}\mathrm{acid})}{\mathrm{HN}{\mathrm{O}}_2}+\underset{(\mathrm{Sodium}\mathrm{chloride})}{\mathrm{NaCl}} \\ \underset{\left(\mathrm{Aniline}\right)}{{\mathrm{C}}_6{\mathrm{H}}_5\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_2}+\underset{(\mathrm{Hydrochloric}\mathrm{acid})}{\mathrm{HCl}}\to \underset{(\mathrm{Aniline}\mathrm{hydrochloride})}{{\mathrm{C}}_6{\mathrm{H}}_5\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_3\mathrm{Cl}} \\ \underset{(\mathrm{Aniline}\mathrm{hydrochloride})}{{\mathrm{C}}_6{\mathrm{H}}_5\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_3\mathrm{Cl}}+\underset{(\mathrm{Nitrous}\mathrm{acid})}{\mathrm{HN}{\mathrm{O}}_2}\to \underset{(\mathrm{Benzene}\mathrm{Diazonium}\mathrm{chloride})}{{\mathrm{C}}_6{\mathrm{H}}_5{\mathrm{N}}_2\mathrm{Cl}}+2\underset{\left(\mathrm{water}\right)}{{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}} \end{gathered}$$

Properties of Benzene Diazonium chloride:

• Benzene Diazonium chloride is ionic in nature.
• Aryl diazonium salts are colorless crystalline solids.
• Benzene diazonium chloride is soluble in water and reacts with it only when warmed.
• They are readily soluble in water but sparingly soluble in alcohol and ether.
• They usually turn brown, when exposed to air.
• They explode violently when heated or detonated, and hence are extremely unstable compounds.
• The parent member of the Benzene Diazonium chloride compound is widely used in organic chemistry.

Hence, the above given are the few properties of benzene diazonium chloride.