Question

List main functions of the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 1

Autonomic nervous system

1. The autonomic nervous system controls specific body processes, such as circulation of blood, digestion, breathing, urination, heartbeat, etc.
2. The autonomic nervous system is named so, because it works autonomously, i.e., without a person’s conscious effort.
3. The primary function of the autonomic nervous system is homeostasis.
4. It is further classified into sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems which have opposite functions.

Sympathetic nervous system:

1. It is the part of the autonomic nervous system, located near the thoracic and lumbar regions in the spinal cord.
2. The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for the “fight or flight” response during any potential danger.

Function:

1. Acceleration of heartbeat
2. Contraction of hair muscles
3. Dilation of pupils
4. Constriction of blood vessels
5. Dilation of bronchi
6. Stimulation of sweat glands
7. Inhibition of muscles of the stomach and urinary bladder

Parasympathetic nervous system

1. It is located in between the spinal cord and the medulla.
2. The parasympathetic nervous system inhibits the body from overworking and restores the body to a calm and composed state.

Function:

1. Slowing of the heartbeat
2. Constriction of pupils
3. Dilation of blood vessels
4. Constriction of bronchi
5. Increased blood supply to reproductive organs
6. Stimulation of muscles of the stomach and urinary bladder.