Question

List of electron donating groups and electron withdrawing groups

Answer 1

Electron withdrawing groups through inductive effect:
-NO₂ , CN , CHO ,COOH , COCl , CONH₂ , F , Cl , Br , OH , OR , H

Electron donating groups through inductive effect:

C(CH₃)₃ , CH(CH₃)₃ , CH₂CH₃ , CH₃ , H

Electron withdrawing groups through resonance effect:

-NO₂, Carbonyl group (C=O), -C≡N, -COOH, -SO₃H etc.

Electron donating groups through resonance effect:

-OH, -OR, -SH, -SR, -NH₂, -NR₂ etc