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Question

List the hormones secreted by G-I tract.

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Solution

Both the stomach and the small intestine of the gastrointestinal tract produce hormones.
Hormones produced by the stomach
The 'G' cells of the stomach secrete the hormone called gastrin.
  • The stimuli for gastrin production include; ingestion of meal, distention (swelling/enlargement) of stomach and products of protein digestion.
  • It has 2 main functions; stimulation of gastric acid secretion and stimulation of growth of the gastric mucosa.

Hormones produced by the small intestine
The small intestine secretes 4 hormones; cholecystokinin, secretin, gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) and Motilin.
Cholecystokinin
  • Stimulates pancreatic enzyme and bicarbonate secretion
  • Stimulates contraction of the gallbladder
  • Also stimulates the growth of the exocrine pancreas
  • It inhibits gastric emptying (entry of food into intestine by emptying stomach)
Secretin
  • It stimulates pepsin secretion from stomach and bicarbonate secretion from both pancreas and gallbladder
  • Also promotes the growth of exocrine pancreas.
  • It inhibits gastric acid secretion.
GIP
  • Stimulates release of insulin from pancreas
  • Inhibits gastric acid secretion
Motilin
  • It is involved in the motility of the gastrointestinal tract.

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