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Question

Long distance, competitive runners are usually small and why and run more slowly than sprinters, who run much shorter distances and generally have a large bulk of muscles. Which of the following best explains the differences between the two types of runners.

A
Long distance runners run more slowly because lactic acid quickly builds up in their muscles and causes fatigue. Sprinters do not run for a long enough for lactic acid to build up in their muscles.
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B
The large muscles of sprinters Increases the oxygen supply to each muscle, preventing lactic acid from forming.
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C
Sprinters do not run for long enough for sufficient lactic acid to build up in thek muscles therefore they can have large muscles for more power. By being lighter and running more slowly long distance runners ensure that their muscles receive enough oxygen for aerobic respiration.
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D
Sprinters run faster because their large muscles have more blood running through them to stop anaerobic respiration from taking place. Long distance runners run nine slowly because they ate using the energy from anaerobic respiration, which does not produce as much ATP as aerobic respiration.
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Solution

The correct option is A Long distance runners run more slowly because lactic acid quickly builds up in their muscles and causes fatigue. Sprinters do not run for a long enough for lactic acid to build up in their muscles.
When there is oxygen deficiency in the muscle cells, they undergo anaerobic respiration and start producing lactic acid. This lactic acid causes muscle fatigue. The muscle that has been contracted many times short intervals, exhaust its storage of ATP and glycogen and produces lactic acid.
The runners that run for larger distances need slow twitch muscles so that the oxygen supply does not get exhausted and sustain their long run. The lactic acid will cause fatigue and lead to the collapse of the muscles.
On the other hand, the sprinters that run for a short duration of time, want faster consumption of oxygen because they do not have to run for the longer amount of time and larger distance so they can where the lactic acid accumulation as it won't affect the performance.
So, the correct option is 'Long distance runners run more slowly because lactic acid quickly builds up in their muscles and causes fatigue. Sprinters do not run for a long enough for lactic acid to build up in their muscles.'

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