Malonic acid on heating gives acetic acid while succinic acid on heating gives:

butyric acid

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propionic acid

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succinic anhydride

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oxalic acid

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Solution

The correct option is C succinic anhydride

When malonic acid is heated, acetic acid and carbon dioxide is obtained due to thermal decarboxylation.

$H O O C - C H_{2} - C O O H \to C H_{3} C O O H + C O_{2}$

Succinic acid on the other hand, gives an anhydride on heating.

$H O O C - C H_{2} - C H_{2} - C O O H \to S u c c i n i c A n h y d r i d e$

The anhydride so formed is a 5-member ring structure as shown above.
Hence option (C) is correct.

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