Question

Match column I with column II and select the correct answer using the codes given below.
Column I Column II
A Father of genetics (p) Palaeontology
B Dihybrid cross (q) Gregor Mendel
C Study of fossils (r) 9 : 3 : 3 : 1
D Nictitating membrane, (s) Analogous organs
ear muscles and
vermiform appendix
E Wings of insects, bat and bird (t) Vestigial organs

• A. A- (q); B- (r); C- (p); D- (t); E- (s)
• B. A- (r); B- (q); C- (p); D- (t); E- (s)
• C. A- (r); B- (q); C- (p); D- (s); E- (t)
• D. A- (r); B- (p); C- (q); D- (s); E- (t)

Answer 1

The correct option is A A- (q); B- (r); C- (p); D- (t); E- (s)

• Gregor Mendel is called as the 'Father of Genetics'.
• Study of fossils is called as palaeontology.
• Vestigiality means genetically determined structures or attributes that have apparently lost most or all of their ancestral function in a given species but have been retained through evolution. Vestigial organs are nictitating membrane, ear muscles and vermiform appendix.
• A dihybrid cross is a cross between two pure lines (varieties, strains) that differ in two observed traits. In Mendelian sense, between the alleles of both these loci, there is a relationship of complete dominance - recessive. For example, RRYY/rryy parents result in F${}_1$ offspring that are heterozygous for both R and Y (RrYy). For genes on separate chromosomes, each allele pair shows independent segregation. If the first filial generation (F${}_1$ generation) produces four identical offsprings, the second filial generation, which occurs by crossing the members of the first filial generation, shows a phenotypic (appearance) ratio of 9:3:3:1.
• Sometimes, animals belonging to different group live in the same habitat. Hence, they lead a similar type of life. This leads to the development of superficially similar structures to lead a similar way of life. As these animals belong to different groups, anatomically the structures are different. The structures which are superficially similar but anatomically dissimilar doing similar functions are analogous structures, e.g., wings of insects, bat and bird.