1
Question
Match column I with column II and select the correct option.
Column I
Column II
A. Earthworm
1. Pioneer species
B. Ecological succession
2. Detritivore
C. Ecosystem service
3. Pollination
Match column I with column II and select the correct option.
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Earthworm | 1. Pioneer species |
| B. Ecological succession | 2. Detritivore |
| C. Ecosystem service | 3. Pollination |
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Solution
The correct option is D A – 2, B – 1, C- 3
Ecosystem is the functional unit of nature and comprises abiotic (non-living) and biotic (living) components.
The abiotic and biotic components are structural components of an ecosystem.
Productivity, energy flow, nutrient cycling and decomposition are functional aspects of the ecosystem.
Decomposition is the process of breakdown of complex organic materials present in dead remains of plants and animals (detritus) into simple inorganic compounds. Earthworm is a detritivore and it helps in breaking down detritus into smaller particles.
Ecological succession is a steady, gradual change in the composition and structure of biotic communities of an area. It is predictable, sequential and occurs in accordance with the changing physical environment.
The ultimate purpose of ecological succession is to form an established climax community which is in near equilibrium with the environment. The first species to invade the bare area during succession is called pioneer species.
Ecosystem services are the products of ecosystem processes which are beneficial to humans.
These include the material benefits people get from ecosystems like supply of food, water, medicines, fibre, wood (timber) and fuels, etc. Along with this various ecosystem processes like pollination, the regulation of air quality and soil fertility, nutrient cycling, soil formation, living spaces for plants and animals, biodiversity, erosion control by the roots of trees, etc. are being carried out in nature without one's attention.
Ecosystem is the functional unit of nature and comprises abiotic (non-living) and biotic (living) components.
The abiotic and biotic components are structural components of an ecosystem.
Productivity, energy flow, nutrient cycling and decomposition are functional aspects of the ecosystem.
Decomposition is the process of breakdown of complex organic materials present in dead remains of plants and animals (detritus) into simple inorganic compounds. Earthworm is a detritivore and it helps in breaking down detritus into smaller particles.
Ecological succession is a steady, gradual change in the composition and structure of biotic communities of an area. It is predictable, sequential and occurs in accordance with the changing physical environment.
The ultimate purpose of ecological succession is to form an established climax community which is in near equilibrium with the environment. The first species to invade the bare area during succession is called pioneer species.
Ecosystem services are the products of ecosystem processes which are beneficial to humans.
These include the material benefits people get from ecosystems like supply of food, water, medicines, fibre, wood (timber) and fuels, etc. Along with this various ecosystem processes like pollination, the regulation of air quality and soil fertility, nutrient cycling, soil formation, living spaces for plants and animals, biodiversity, erosion control by the roots of trees, etc. are being carried out in nature without one's attention.
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