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Question

Match the column I and II.

Column I Column II
A. Parasitism I. + +
B. Commensalism II. + -
C. Amensalism III. 0 +
D. Mutualism IV. 0 -

A
A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I
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B
A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
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C
A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
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D
A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
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Solution

The correct option is D

Explanation:
Parasitism:

  1. The interaction in which only one species benefits and the interaction is harmful to the other species is called parasitism.
  2. This interaction is represented as "+ 0".
  3. E.g., Sheep (host) and liver fluke (parasite) in fluke disease in cattle.

Commensalism:

  1. The interaction where one species is benefited and the other is unaffected is called commensalism.
  2. It is represented as "0 +".
  3. E.g., barnacles growing on the back of a whale.
  4. They don't harm the whales or feed on the whales, like true parasites do.
  5. Barnacles don't serve any obvious advantage to the whales, but they get a place to hang onto the whale without getting washed away by water.
  6. Barnacles also find the slow-swimming whale a good ride through nutrient-rich ocean waters.

Amensalism:

  1. The interaction where one species is harmed while the other is unaffected is called amensalism.
  2. It is represented as "0 -".
  3. E.g., Penicillium secretes penicillin which kills bacteria but it has no effect on Penicillium itself.

Mutualism:

  1. The interaction in which both the species are benefitted is called mutualism.
  2. It is represented as "+ +".
  3. E.g., interaction between algae and fungi in lichen and interaction between fungi and roots of gymnosperms in mycorrhiza​.

Final answer: A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I.


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