Question

Match the column I, II and III

Column I	Column II	Column II
Sickle Cell Anaemia	Due to recessive PP genes	Arrangement of Valine in place of Glutamic acid
Phenyl Ketonuria	Due to absence of homogentisic oxidase enzyme	Inborn error of metabolism
Alkaptonuria	Follows Mendelian Principles	Urine turns black when exposed to air
Thalassaemia	Characters caused by homozygous recessive genes	The required haemoglobin is not generated in the blood

• A. (A - II - S), (B - III - R), (C - I - Q), (D - IV - P)
• B. (A - IV - P), (B - I - Q), (C - II - R), (D - III - S)
• C. (A - IV - P), (B - III - R), (C - I - S), (D - II - R)
• D. (A - III - R), (B - I - Q), (C - IV - P), (D - II - S)

Answer 1

The correct option is B (A - IV - P), (B - I - Q), (C - II - R), (D - III - S)

Sickle cell anaemia is a disorder that results in an abnormality in the haemoglobin (haemoglobin S) molecule. It is caused by homozygous recessive genes. In this, the mutation occurs in the codon for amino acid 6 where A is substituted by T. This results in the arrangement of valine (GTG) in place of glutamic acid (GAG).

Phenylketonuria is also called as PKU. It is an inborn error or metabolism. It is an autosomal recessive disorder caused due to recessive PP genes that code for enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. This enzyme converts phenylalanine to tyrosine. The disorder increases the levels of phenylalanine in the blood.

Alkaptonuria is a rare autosomal recessive disease which is caused due to the absence of homogentisic oxidase (homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase) enzyme. Due to this, homogentisic acid deposits in tissues. Symptoms include darkening of the urine. In this urine turns dark brown or black when exposed to air.

Thalassaemia is categorized as Mendelian disorders as it follows Mendelian principles. It results due to a mutation in a single gene. In this, the required haemoglobin is not generated in the blood and it reduces the production of haemoglobin.

Thus, the correct answer is option B.