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Solution

  • Cryolite (Na3AlF6) is an aluminium ore but is rare and expensive, and most is now made chemically.

  • Malachite is a copper carbonate hydroxide mineral, with the formula Cu2CO3(OH)2.

  • Carnallite is an evaporite mineral, a hydrated potassium magnesium chloride with formula (KMgCl3). In carnallite, the water molecules enclose the magnesium ions.

  • Calamine is a mixture of zinc oxide and other components.

  • Cinnabar is a toxic mercury sulfide mineral with a chemical composition of HgS. It is the only important ore of mercury.

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