Question

Match the following:
$\begin{array}{cc}\text{Column I}& \text{Column II}\\ \text{A. Acromegaly}& \text{I. Hyposecretion of thyroid hormones}\\ \text{B. Diabetes Insipidus}& \text{II. Hypersecretion of thyroid hormones}\\ \text{C. Graves’ disease}& \text{III. Hypersecretion of growth hormone}\\ \text{D. Cretinism}& \text{IV. Hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones}\\ \text{E. Addison’s disease}& \text{V. Hyposecretion of ADH}\end{array}$

• A. A - III, B - V, C - II, D - I, E - IV
• B. A - I, B - II, C - III, D - IV, E - V
• C. A - II, B - III, C - IV, D - I, E - V
• D. A - V, B - IV, C - II, D - I, E - III

Answer 1

The correct option is A A - III, B - V, C - II, D - I, E - IV

The hypersecretion of growth hormone by the pituitary gland will lead to the condition called acromegaly. Severe disfigurement, especially of the face, can be seen in people having this condition. It is commonly seen in adults of middle age. If left unchecked, this can be fatal and may cause premature death.

Vasopressin is a vasoconstrictor which helps in the reabsorption of water and electrolytes from the urine and prevents the excessive loss of fluid,thereby, preventing diuresis (excessive water loss through urine). Hence, vasopressin is also called the anti-diuretic hormone or ADH. In people where hyposecretion of ADH is observed, the ability of the kidney to conserve water is lessened considerably. This results in excessive water loss through the urine and causes dehydration. This condition is commonly called diabetes insipidus.

Enlargement of the thyroid gland, protrusion of the eyeballs, increased
basal metabolic rate and weight loss can be observed in patients having Graves’ disease which is also known as exopthalmic goitre. This is caused due to the hypersecretion of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland.

Untreated congenital hypothyroidism or cretinism is seen in babies. This can be observed when the mother has hypothyroidism or iodine deficiency during pregnancy. Other causes include genetic defects or poorly developed thyroid glands in individuals. This condition results in the defective development and maturation of the baby leading to various abnormalities like stunted growth, mental retardation, low intelligence quotient etc. This is caused due to the hyposecretion of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland.

Hyposecretion of the adrenal cortex hormones results in a disease known as Addison’s disease. Patients tend to experience acute weakness, fatigue, low sodium levels in plasma and weight loss among many other symptoms.