Latus rectum is a chord of a parabola perpendicular to axis of the parabola and passing through focus. It is the line x=a in this case.
Double ordinate is a chord of a parabola perpendicular to axis of the parabola. Latus rectum is also a double ordinate of the parabola.
Focal distance is |a|, i.e., distance from the origin to the focus, and from the origin to the directrix. We take absolute value because distance is positive.