Question

Match the following in column I with column II and select the correct option.

Column

Column II

P. Surgery	i. Exposed to X-rays or other types of energy
Q. Radiation therapy	ii. Glycoproteins protect the non-infected cells
R. Chemotherapy	iii. Removing localized cancerous mass
S. Interferons	iv. Drugs are administered intravenously

• A.
  P - iv, Q - iii, R - i, S - ii
  
• B. P - iii, Q - iv, R - i, S - ii
• C. P - i, Q - iv, R - iii, S - ii
• D. P - iii, Q - i, R - iv, S - ii

Answer 1

The correct option is D P - iii, Q - i, R - iv, S - ii

Cancer is a disease in which the affected body cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts in the body.

In healthy organisms, during cell division, when cells come in contact with other cells, the process ceases due to contact inhibition. But in the case of cancer cells this property is lost, hence the cells grow uncontrollably and lead to the formation of tumors.

For the treatment of cancer there are various methods like surgery, radiation therapy, immunotherapy and chemotherapy.

1. Surgery – It is the removal of localized cancerous mass through surgical procedures. This process is highly effective for benign tumours as they are localised and will not spread to other locations.

Figure : Surgery

2. Radiation therapy – In this method the affected body part is exposed to radiations like X-rays, protons or other types of energy to kill the cancer cells.

Figure : Radiation therapy

Chemotherapy – Chemotherapeutic drugs are used to kill, stop the spread and slow the growth of cancer cells. The drugs are administered by mouth, in shots or intravenously.

Figure : Chemotherapy

Immunotherapy - α-interferons are used for the treatment of cancer. In body, virus infected cells secrete glycoproteins called interferons which protect the non-infected cells from viral infections. Human made interferons are used in cancer treatments. These glycoproteins activate other immune cells like macrophages and natural killer cells. Interferons increase antigen presentation to lymphocyte cells (easy detection of infected cells). This helps to eliminate foreign bodies. These mechanisms, help the immune system to identify and target the cancer cells too.

Figure : Action of α-interferons

Hence the correct option is d.