A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon is directly between the Earth and the Sun.
In an annular solar eclipse, the umbra does not reach the Earth. Only the penumbra reaches the Earth's surface and we observe a bright ring of sunlight shining around the Moon.
If the umbra falls on the surface of the Earth and the observer is within the umbra region, the Sun will be completely covered by the Moon. This is total solar eclipse.
In partial solar eclipse if the observer is within the penumbra region, the Moon's disc will be projected on the Sun's disc, blocking it partially.