We know, expressions have no sign. Equations will have '=' sign and inequations will have '<', '>', '≤', '≥'.
The first option is 2x + 5
This does not contain any sign.
So, this will be an expression.
Next option is 3m - 4 = 11
This contains expression having the equal sign '='.
So, this will be an equation.
Next option is x + 9 > 12
Here, the LHS and the RHS are connected by the '>' sign.
So, this will be an inequation.
Next option is:
34+8
There is no equal sign, no algebraic variables or any inequality symbol.
So, this is a numerical statement, since it contains only numbers and mathematical operators.