Match the items given in Column I with the items given in Column II.

$\begin{matrix} C o l u m n l & C o l u m n l l (A) & M g i n s o l i d s t a t e & (i) & p - T y p e s e m i c o n d u c t o r (B) & M g C l_{2} i n M o l t e n s t a t e & (i i) & n - T y p e s e m i c o n d u c t o r (C) & S i l i c o n w i t h p h o s p h o r u s & (i i i) & E l e c t r o i y t i c c o n d u c t o r s (D) & G e r m a n i u m w i t h b o r o n & (i v) & E l e c t r o n i c c o n d u c t o r s \end{matrix}$

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Solution

Option (A)

$M g$ is a metal that has free electrons. So, it conducts electricity in the solid state and is known as an electronic conductor.

Hence,
(A) → (iv)

Option (B)

$M g C l_{2}$ shows electrolytic conductivity in the molten state due to its behaviour as an electrolyte ( i.e., mobile ions $M g^{2 +}$ and $C l^{-}$ ions help in the flow of current). Thus, $M g C l_{2}$ is an electrolytic conductor.

Hence,
(B) → (iii)

Option (C)

When silicon (group $14$ ) is doped with phosphorus (group $15$ ), which contains five valence electrons, four out of the five valence electrons form covalent bonds with the four neighbouring silicon atoms. The fifth electron is extra and is delocalised. These delocalised electrons increase the conductivity due to the negatively charged electrons. Hence silicon doped with phosphorus (electron-rich impurity) is called an $n$ -type semiconductor.

Hence, (C) → (ii)

Option (D)

When germanium (group $14$ ) is doped with boron (group $13$ ), which contains three valence electrons, the three valence electrons form covalent bonds with the four neighbouring silicon atoms. The place where the fourth valence electron is missing is called the electron-hole or electron vacancy. An electron from the nearby atom can occupy the vacancy, but in doing so, it would leave a vacancy in its original position.

Thus, it would seem as if the electron-hole is moving in the direction opposite to the electron that first occupied the vacant site. Under the influence of an electric field, the electrons move towards the positively charged plate whilst the electron-hole moves towards the negatively charged plate, as if the electron-hole were positive. Hence germanium doped with boron (electron-deficient impurity) is called a $p$ -type semiconductor.

Hence,
(D) → (i)

Hence, the correct match is

$\begin{matrix} C o l u m n l & C o l u m n l l (A) & M g i n s o l i d s t a t e & (i) & E l e c t r o n i c c o n d u c t o r s (B) & M g C l_{2} i n M o l t e n s t a t e & (i i) & E l e c t r o l y t i c c o n d u c t o r s (C) & S i l i c o n w i t h p h o s p h o r u s & (i i i) & n - T y p e s e m i c o n d u c t o r (D) & G e r m a n i u m w i t h b o r o n & (i v) & p - T y p e s e m i c o n d u c t o r \end{matrix}$

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$\begin{matrix} C o l u m n I & C o l u m n I I A . M g i n s o l i d s t a t e & 1. P - t y p e s e m i c o n d u c t o r B . M g C l_{2} i n m o l t e n s t a t e & 2. n - t y p e s e m i c o n d u c t o r C . S i l i c o n w i t h p h o s p h o r u s & 3. E l e c t r o l y t i c c o n d u c t o r D . G e r m a n i u m w i t h b o r o n & 4. E l e c t r o n i c c o n d u c t o r s \end{matrix}$

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Match the items given in Column I with the items given in Column II. ColumnlColumnll(A)Mg in solid state(i)p−Type semiconductor(B)MgCl2 in Molten state(ii)n−Type semiconductor(C)Silicon with phosphorus(iii)Electroiytic conductors(D)Germanium with boron(iv)Electronic conductors