Question

Mention a cause and symptoms of each:
(a) Osteoporosis (b) Tetany

Answer 1

A. Osteoporosis: Disorder where bone loses its minerals and fibres from its matrix. It is mainly caused due to an imbalance of hormones like calcitonin and parathormone, deficiency of calcium and vitamin D, a decrease of sex hormones like estrogen.

Symptoms include back pain due to a fractured vertebra, loss of height over time and a stooped structured.

B. Tetany: It is the rapid spasm in muscle due to lesser calcium ions in the body fluid. It is caused due to the increase in the action potential frequency of the muscle cells or the nerve cells that innervate them.

Symptoms include anxiety and depression, low blood pressure, irregular heartbeat and muscle cramps in the legs, feet, face, or lower back.