Question

Mention the hormones released by testes and ovaries. Discuss the functions of each of these hormones.

Answer 1

Testes:

1. Testes are the primary male sex organs located outside the abdomen in a pouch-like structure called the scrotum.
2. Testes are paired and oval-shaped. These are the site for the formation of sperms (male gametes).

Hormones produced by testis:

1. Testosterone is secreted by the Leydig cells of the testes.
2. Testosterone plays a vital role in developing various organs of the male reproductive tract, such as the testes and the prostate.
3. In males, testosterone also plays a key role in developing secondary sexual characteristics such as muscle mass, producing a low-pitched voice, and providing strength to the bones.
4. The hormone also induces hair growth across various areas of the body.

Ovaries:

1. Ovaries are primary female sex organs and the site of synthesis of eggs (female gametes).
2. Ovaries are paired, oval-shaped organs present on either side of the uterus.

Hormones produced by ovaries:

1. The hormones produced by the ovaries are estrogen and progesterone.
2. Estrogen is an important female sex hormone produced primarily in the ovaries, but it is also synthesised in the adrenal glands.
3. Estrogen facilitates the development of secondary sexual characteristics in females, which mainly includes the development of breasts at puberty and the growth of the uterine lining during the menstrual cycle.
4. In addition, estrogen also prepares the uterus and other reproductive organs for embryo implantation.
5. The ovaries and the adrenal cortex secrete progesterone.
6. In females, progesterone is responsible for maintaining the endometrial lining of the uterus.
7. The hormone also helps regulate the digestion of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates.
8. Progesterone also regulates the balance of salt content in the body fluids.