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B
Phenomena of atmosphere
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C
Phenomena of clouds
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D
Phenomena of ocean tides
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Solution
The correct option is B Phenomena of atmosphere As mentioned in these lines,
"El Nino and its atmospheric equivalent, called the Southern Oscillation, are together referred to an ENSO and are household words today. Meteorologists recognize it as often being responsible for natural disasters worldwide... El Nino is a weather event restricted to certain tropical shores, especially opposite impacts on the land and sea."
we gather that El Nino is a weather phenomena, that is, it pertains to the atmosphere.
Hence the meteorologists study the atmosphere.
So, option B is correct.
The weather conditions affect land, the sea and the clouds and the tide. But the meteorologists do not study these, they study the phenomena of atmosphere.