Question

Microorganisms play an important role in the ecosystem. Explain briefly.

Answer 1

Decomposers

1. Microorganisms (mostly bacteria and fungi) break down complex organic compounds from the bodies of dead animals, decaying remains of plants and faecal matter of animals into simple inorganic substances are called decomposers.
2. These microbes absorb some of the decomposed products and release other products into the environment.
3. These products are utilised by the producers.
4. Transformers are special group of bacteria which disintegrate the simple organic substance into inorganic forms that are suitable for reuse by producers.
5. The decomposers and transformers play a very important role in maintaining the dynamic nature of the ecosystem.

Role of Decomposers

1. Decomposers decompose the bodies of dead animals and plants. Thus, they act as cleansing agents of the environment.
2. They help in recycling the material in the biosphere, thus playing a vital role in biogeochemical or nutrient cycles.
3. Some decomposers maintain the fertility of soil.
4. If there were no decomposers, the Earth would have been a heap of dead organisms.