More than four bonds are made with how many elements in carbon family?

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Solution

Carbon has four valence electrons, so it can achieve a full outer energy level by forming four covalent bonds. Elements in carbon family can even make more than four bonds because of the presence of vacent d-orbital, they can extend their oxidation state. For example: Silicon, Germanium, Tin and Lead.

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In the carbon family, the elements other than carbon do not form pπ - pπ bonds because the atomic orbitals are:

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