Question

Name a few more elements that fall in the category of essential elements that activate or inhibit enzymes.

Answer 1

$$\begin{array}{cc}\text{Types of essential element}& \text{Examples}\\ \text{Structural elements}& \text{Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen}\\ & \text{and nitrogen}\\ \text{Elements as component}& \text{Magnesium in chlorophyll,}\\ \text{of energy}& \text{phosphorus in ATP}\\ \text{Activator or inhibitor}& \text{Magnesium, zinc, calcium,}\\ \text{of enzymes}& \text{potassium and molybdenum}\\ \text{Elements altering the}& \text{Potassium regulates the opening}\\ \text{osmotic potential of cell}& \text{and closing of stomata}\end{array}$$$$\begin{array}{cc}\text{Essential element}& \text{Enzyme activated}\\ \text{Magnesium}& \text{Ribulose bisphosphate}\\ & \text{carboxylase oxygenase and}\\ & \text{phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase}\\ & \text{involved in carbon dioxide}\\ & \text{fixation.}\\ \text{Zinc}& \text{Alcohol dehydrogenase,}\\ \text{Calcium}& \text{Several key enzymes like}\\ & \text{pancreatic lipase, acid}\\ & \text{phosphatase, cholinesterase,}\\ & \text{ATPases, and succinic,}\\ & \text{dehydrogenase,}\\ \text{Potassium}& \text{Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)}\\ & \text{synthase enzyme}\\ \text{Molybdenum}& \text{Nitrogenase enzyme involved}\\ & \text{in nitrogen fixation}\end{array}$$$$\begin{array}{cc}\text{Essential element}& \text{Enzyme inhibited}\\ \text{Magnesium}& \text{Essential for base excision repair}\\ & \text{enzymes but inhibits substrate}\\ & \text{binding of N-methylpurine}\\ & \text{-DNA glycosylase.}\end{array}$$