A preservative is a substance or a chemical that is put into products like packaged food products, bottled beverages, pharmaceutical / chemical drugs, varnishes/ paints, biological samples taken from living organisms, beauty products, and many other different products to prevent the process of decomposition by microbial growth or by undesired chemical change.
Some common chemical preservatives are sorbic acid, benzoic acid, sulphites (sulphur dioxide, sodium bisulphite and potassium hydrogen sulphite) and nitrites such as sodium nitrite.