Name the following:
(i) The kind of elements that ionize by losing electrons.
(ii) The kind of elements that ionize by gaining electrons.
(iii) Two metals that do not get oxidized at high temperature.
(iv) Two metals that get oxidized just by exposure to air.
(v) Three metals that react with cold water to liberate hydrogen.
(vi) A metal which in the red hot state reacts with steam reversibly to produce hydrogen.
(vii) Two metals that react explosively with acids.
(viii) A metal that does not react with hydrochloric or sulphuric acid.
(ix) Two metals that dissolve only in aqua regia.
(x) Two metallic oxides that get decomposed by heat.
(xi) Two metallic hydroxides that dissolve in water to give alkalis.
(xii) Two metal carbonates which are soluble in water.
(xiii) Two metal carbonates that do not decompose when heated.
(xiv) Two metallic nitrates which yield oxygen as the only gaseous product when heated.
(xv) Two metallic nitrates when heated decompose to yield respective metals.

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Solution

(i) The kind of elements that ionise by losing electrons are called metals.
(ii) The kind of elements that ionise by gaining electrons are called non-metals.
(iii) Least reactive metals do not get oxidised at high temperatures for example platinum and gold.
(iv) Most reactive metals get oxidised just by exposure to air for example potassium and sodium.
(v) Most reactive metals react with cold water to liberate hydrogen gas for example, potassium, sodium and calcium.
(vi) A metal, which in a red hot state, reacts with steam reversibly to produce hydrogen is iron.
(vii) Most reactive metals react explosively with acids for example potassium and sodium.
(viii) Least reactive metal does not react with hydrochloric or sulphuric acid that is gold.
(ix) Least reactive metals dissolve only in aqua regia for example platinum and gold.
(x) Two metallic oxides that get decomposed by heat are mercuric oxide and silver oxide.
(xi) Two metallic hydroxides that dissolve in water to give alkalis are potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide.
(xii) Two metal carbonates that are soluble in water are potassium carbonate and sodium carbonate.
(xiii) Two metal carbonates that do not decompose when heated are potassium carbonate and sodium carbonate.
(xiv) Two metallic nitrates that yield oxygen as the only gaseous product when heated are potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate.
(xv) Two metallic nitrates that when heated decompose to yield the respective metals are mercuric nitrate and silver nitrate.

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Name the following:
(i) Acid present in the stomach of mammals.
(ii) Drying agent used to dry hydrogen chloride.
(iii) Salt obtained by heating sodium chloride with concentrated sulphuric acid below 200 degree celsius.
(iv) Gas that yields dense white fumes when mixed with hydrogen chloride.
(v) Two solution that yield white precipitates, when treated with hydrogen chloride or hydrochloric acid.
(vi) Gas obtained by treating metals with hydrochloric acid.
(vii) Gas obtained by treating ferrous sulphide with hydrochloric acid.
(viii) Five oxidizing agents that liberate chlorine from concentrated hydrochloric acid.
(ix) Acid used to extract glue from bones.
(x) A chloride which is soluble in excess of ammonium hydroxide.
(xi) A greenish yellow gas.
(xii) A chemical in which gold can be dissolved.
(xiii) A metallic oxide which reacts with hydrochloric acid to give a coloured solution.
(xiv) Two colourless gases which when mixed produce a white solid.

Name :

(a) a metallic hydroxide soluble in excess of $N H_{4} O H$ .
(b) a metallic oxide soluble in excess of caustic soda solution. (c) a strong alkali.
(d) a weak alkali.
(e) two colourless metal ions.
(f) two coloured metal ions.
(g) a metal that evolves a gas which burns with a pop sound when boiled with alkali solutions.
(h) two bases which are not alkalis but dissolve in strong alkalis. (i) a coloured metallic oxide which dissolves in alkalis to yield colourless solutions.
(j) a colourless cation, not a representative element.

From the metals copper, iron, magnesium, sodium and zinc, select a different metal in each case which:
(i) does not react with dilute hydrochloric acid.
(ii) can form 2+ and 3+ ions.
(iii) has a hydroxide that reacts with both acids and alkalis.
(iv) does not react with cold water but reacts with steam when heated.
Arrange the metals in increasing order of reactivity.

Q. Name two metals that do not react with water at all.

Name two metals that do not react with oxygen even at high temperatures.

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