Question

Name the glands associated with the human digestive system and mention their secretion and function.

Answer 1

Digestive glands:

1. Digestive glands are glands that are connected with the human digestive system.
2. These glands secrete digestive fluids that aid in food digestion.

1. Salivary Gland:

1. Saliva, or salivary amylase, is a viscous, colourless, and opalescent liquid secreted by these glands.
2. It is released in minute amounts all over the buccal cavity to keep it wet.
3. Saliva is in charge of breaking down starch into maltose.
4. Saliva also has the following functions: It keeps the mouth and teeth in good shape, enhances the flavour of the food, acts as a solvent, increases the sensation of taste, acts as a lubricant, moistens the dry food, and makes swallowing easier.
   

2. Stomach:

1. Simple or branching tubular glands make up gastric glands.
2. In adults, these gastric glands release about 2-3 litres of gastric juice every day, and the secretion is regulated by both the neurological and hormonal systems.
3. Various gastric glands can be found on the stomach's wall. In the stomach mucosa, there are three main types of gastric glands.
4. Parietal cells–supply the stomach juice with hydrochloric acid. By providing H+, which activates pepsinogen, the precursor of pepsin, hydrochloric acid aids in the breakdown of proteins.
5. Chief cells in the body's gastric glands and the stomach's antrum secrete pepsinogen. Pepsin breaks down proteins into smaller pieces known as peptides or amino acids so they can finally be absorbed in the small intestine.
6. Mucin is secreted by mucous cells.

3. Liver:

1. The liver is the largest gland in the human body, weighing around 1.6 kg and placed on the right side of the upper abdominal cavity slightly beyond the diaphragm.
2. The liver is divided into two lobes: a bigger right lobe and a smaller left lobe with two smaller lobes. Behind the primary lobes are the quadrate lobe and the caudate lobe.
3. A pear-shaped structure called a gallbladder is found beneath the right lobe. The gallbladder acts as a reservoir for the bile juice generated by the liver.
4. The liver serves various important tasks in the human digestive system, including the liver, which is also in charge of lipogenesis. The liver is in charge of controlling blood sugar levels.
5. Bile is secreted by the liver and is responsible for emulsification. In the presence of the enzyme carotenes, the liver synthesizes vitamin A from beta carotene.
   

4. Pancreas:

1. The pancreas is a yellowish, elongated gland that lies horizontally in the duodenum's curvature behind the stomach.
2. The pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine functions. It consists of multiple branching tubules embedded in connective tissue containing blood and lymph arteries, nerves, and pancreatic ductules in exocrine tissue termed acini.
3. An alkaline pancreatic fluid secreted by the acinus assists in the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
4. The pancreas is responsible for two major functions: the pancreas is primarily involved in digestion in the human digestive system, the manufacture of hormones
   Intestinal glands secrete pancreatic juice, which contains digestive enzymes.
5. In the mucosa of the small intestine, there are countless tiny glands. There are two kinds of them: Lieberkuhn's Crypts release digestive enzymes and mucus.
6. These digestive fluids contain a variety of enzymes and are involved in the digestion of a wide range of foods.