Name the members of the lanthanoid series which exhibit +4 oxidation state and those which exhibit +2 oxidation state. Try to correlate this type of behavior with the electronic configurations of these elements.

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Solution

The lanthanides that exhibit +2 and +4 states are shown in the given table. The atomic numbers of the elements are given in the parenthesis.

+2

+4

Nd (60)

Ce (58)

Sm (62)

Pr (59)

Eu (63)

Nd (60)

Tm (69)

Tb (65)

Yb (70)

Dy (66)

Ce after forming Ce⁴⁺ attains a stable electronic configuration of [Xe].

Tb after forming Tb⁴⁺ attains a stable electronic configuration of [Xe] 4f^7.

Eu after forming Eu²⁺ attains a stable electronic configuration of [Xe] 4f^7.

Yb after forming Yb²⁺ attains a stable electronic configuration of [Xe] 4f^14.

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+ 2

A member of the lanthanoid series which is well known to exhibit +4 oxidation state is:

3 d

3 d

3 d

E_{(M^{2 +} / M)}^{o}

{C r}^{3 +}

{M n}^{3 +}

+ 2

M n O_{4}^{-} + 8 H^{+} + 5 e^{-} ⟶

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