Question

Name the methods used to separate solid-liquid mixtures.

Answer 1

Mixtures: The substance having two or more elements or compounds which combine physically and not chemically are called mixtures.

The methods used to separate solid-liquid mixtures are:

1. Filteration: The process of separating suspended solid matter from a liquid, by causing the latter to pass through the pores of a filter is called filtration.
2. Separation by Sedimentation and Decantation: The process of settling down heavy insoluble particles in a mixture of water is called sedimentation. the process of transferring clear liquid after sedimentation, without disturbing the sediment (insoluble heavy particle) is called decantation.
3. Evaporation: The process of obtaining a non-volatile soluble solid from its solution by allowing the liquid component to vaporize is called evaporation.
4. Distillation: The process of heating the solution to form a vapour of the liquid phase and then cooling the vapour to get the liquid again is called distillation.
5. Centrifugation: The process of separating the suspended particles of a substance from a liquid in a mixture by churning them at high speed is called centrifugation.
6. Chromatography: It is a method based on the difference in the rate of adsorption of various components of a mixture on a suitable adsorbent. adsorption is the process of the accumulation of substances on the surface of a solid medium. a common adsorbent is a strip of filter paper of good quality.
7. Crystallisation: The process of cooling a hot, concentrated solution of a substance to obtain crystals is called crystallization.